Latvia Modernizes Border Controls: The Transition to the Digital Entry/Exit System
Latvia is undergoing a significant transformation of its border management infrastructure. By integrating the European Union’s new digital Entry/Exit System (EES) and modernizing physical checkpoints, the country is shifting toward a more secure, automated approach to monitoring the movement of third-country nationals across the Schengen area.
Understanding the Entry/Exit System (EES)
The Entry/Exit System (EES) is an automated information technology tool designed to register third-country nationals every time they cross the external borders of European countries for short-term stays. A short-term stay is defined as a period of up to 90 days within any 180-day window.
The system began operating at all border crossing points in Latvia on October 12, 2025 and became fully operational across 29 European countries on April 10, 2026. The primary goal of the EES is to strengthen security across the EU by replacing manual passport stamping with a digital record.
What Data Does the EES Collect?
For third-country nationals—defined as individuals who are not nationals of the EU, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, or Switzerland—the system registers the following:
- Biometric data, including fingerprints and facial images.
- Travel document details.
- Precise entry and exit dates.
Who is Exempt?
The EES does not apply to:
- European Union citizens.
- Permanent residents of Latvia.
- Holders of long-stay visas.
Infrastructure Upgrades and Checkpoint Modernization
Alongside the digital transition, Latvia is investing in its physical border infrastructure. The government plans to modernize the Paternieki checkpoint, which serves as the only open crossing on the border with Belarus, as well as two additional checkpoints on the border with Russia.
Key Differences: EES vs. Electronic Travel Declaration
It’s important for travelers to distinguish between the EES and the Electronic Travel Declaration, as both apply to third-country nationals but serve different purposes.
| Feature | Entry/Exit System (EES) | Electronic Travel Declaration |
|---|---|---|
| Nature | Automated IT system at the border | Online form submitted before travel |
| Timing | Encountered at the border crossing point | Must be completed no later than 48 hours before entry |
| Purpose | Registration of entries and exits | Pre-entry notification for specific nationalities |
Tips for Travelers to Avoid Delays
During the initial stages of EES operation, EU citizens may experience longer border checks. To minimize wait times, the Latvian government encourages the following:
- Use ABC Gates: Holders of biometric passports from the EU, European Economic Area (EEA), and the Swiss Confederation should use the automated border control (ABC) gates at Riga Airport.
- Check Age Requirements: ABC gates are available for persons aged 14 and older upon entry, and 18 and older upon exit.
- Carry a Passport: A valid passport is mandatory for using ABC gates; identity cards are not accepted.
Key Takeaways
- Full Operation: The EES became fully operational on April 10, 2026.
- Digital Shift: Third-country nationals’ passports were stamped until April 10, 2026, after which the digital system took over.
- Security Focus: Modernization efforts include both digital registration and the rebuilding of key checkpoints like Paternieki.