Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Vital Step for Early Detection and Improved Outcomes
Colorectal cancer is a significant public health concern, affecting thousands of individuals each year in France. However, early detection through screening dramatically improves treatment outcomes. A simple, at-home test can identify this cancer at its earliest stages, and public health initiatives are underway to increase participation in screening programs.
Understanding Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer, also known as colon and rectal cancer, is one of the most prevalent cancers in France. In 2022, it affected over 47,500 people, resulting in nearly 17,000 deaths [1]. The cancer often develops from benign tumors that slowly become cancerous over time. In 2023, the disease impacted 26,212 men and 21,370 women, with median ages of 71 and 72 years, respectively [4]. Even as more common in men, mortality rates are declining for both sexes, with a 2% decrease among men and a 1.5% decrease among women between 2012 and 2022 [4].
Colorectal cancer ranks as the third most common cancer in men, following prostate and lung cancer, accounting for 11.2% of all new male cancer cases. In women, it is the second most common cancer after breast cancer, representing 11.3% of all new female cancer cases [4]. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in France, responsible for nearly 12% of all cancer deaths, particularly among individuals aged 65 and older. However, mortality rates have been steadily decreasing since 1980, largely due to increased access to screening and the removal of precancerous lesions [4].
The Importance of Screening
Screening programs target individuals aged 50 to 74, inviting them to undergo fecal immunological testing (FIT) every two years. This involves a simple at-home stool sample test, available free of charge from a general practitioner, pharmacist, or gastroenterologist, and can also be ordered online [1]. A positive FIT result, indicating ⩾30 μg Hb/g of stool, warrants a follow-up colonoscopy [1].
Despite its effectiveness, screening participation remains low, with only about one in three eligible individuals taking part. To address this, initiatives like “Blue Tuesdays” are being organized by gastroenterology teams to raise awareness and provide information to the public.
Current Screening Efforts in Franche-Comté
Gastroenterology teams in the Franche-Comté region are actively engaging with the community through events held throughout March. These events, taking place at locations like Super U de l’Amitié, Carrefour de Chalezeule, and the Châteaufarine gallery, offer opportunities for individuals to interact with healthcare professionals and learn more about colorectal cancer screening. The Pierre Fabre laboratories are also supporting these efforts by collaborating with artist Jordane Saget, who has created a fresco titled “life lines” in the Jean Minjoz hospital .
Early Detection: A Path to Cure
Early detection of colorectal cancer significantly increases the chances of successful treatment. Screening can lead to a cure in up to 9 out of 10 cases. Colonoscopies following a positive FIT result have a completion rate of 88% [2]. Among those undergoing colonic exploration, approximately 36.8% of men and 55.9% of women have normal results, while 40.1% of men and 25.7% of women have adenomas. Colorectal cancer is detected in 9.0% of men and 5.8% of women during these explorations [2].