Croatia Reinstates Compulsory Military Service Amidst European Security Concerns

Croatia has reintroduced compulsory military service for the first time in nearly two decades, a move driven by heightened tensions in Europe following Russia’s aggression against Ukraine and a broader military buildup in the Balkans. The decision, approved by the Croatian Parliament in October 2023, marks a shift back to a system suspended in 2008 when the country transitioned to a professional army.

A Response to Regional and Continental Instability

The reintroduction of conscription comes as many European nations increase defense spending in response to the evolving security landscape. The European Defence Agency reported a record €381 billion ($442 billion) in defense expenditure across the EU in 2025 [AP News]. Croatia’s decision also reflects concerns about instability in the Balkans, a region with a history of conflict.

Details of the Latest System

The initial phase of the program, launched in February 2026, involves approximately 800 recruits, a majority of whom are volunteers. These conscripts will undergo two months of basic military training at three centers across the country. The training will focus on survival skills, self-defense, and drone operation, rather than preparation for deployment to active conflict zones [AP News]. Conscripts will receive a monthly salary of €1,100 ($1,290).

The government plans to gradually expand the program to include around 19,000 young people annually as they reach the age of 19. Individuals with conscientious objections will be offered alternative civilian service options, albeit at a lower rate of pay.

Croatia’s Broader Security Strategy

Croatia’s defense budget currently exceeds NATO’s target of two percent of gross domestic product, with plans to increase it to three percent by 2030 [AP News]. The reintroduction of conscription is seen as a key component of strengthening national security and bolstering reserve forces.

Regional Implications and Support for Ukraine

Croatia is the first former Yugoslav republic to reinstate compulsory military service since the dissolution of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. Neighboring Serbia is also considering a similar move, with plans for a 75-day mandatory service potentially starting in late 2026 [AP News].

Beyond bolstering its own defenses, Croatia has demonstrated strong support for Ukraine following Russia’s invasion. The Croatian government, led by Prime Minister Andrej Plenković, has pledged full support to Ukraine and has provided approximately €315 million in aid, including humanitarian assistance, development aid, and demining support [Croatian Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs]. Croatia has also actively promoted sanctions against Russia and supports Ukraine’s European integration efforts [Ukrainian Diplomatic Academy].

Political Considerations and Criticism

The Croatian Parliament overwhelmingly approved the reintroduction of conscription, with 133 votes in favor and one abstention in February 2022 [Wikipedia]. Although, the measure has faced some criticism, with concerns raised about potential discrimination against women and those seeking alternative civilian service options [AP News].