Extreme Heat Forces Closures in London and Paris Schools as Climate Challenges Education Systems

London and Paris are confronting record-breaking heat waves that have led to school closures, makeshift cooling solutions, and growing concerns over the long-term preparedness of European education infrastructure. With temperatures reaching 92 degrees Fahrenheit (33°C) in London and 95°F (35°C) in Paris, schools in both cities are grappling with the dual challenge of maintaining education while safeguarding student health.

Why Are European Schools Struggling With Heat?

Extreme heat across western Europe has forced schools to adapt to conditions for which many were not designed. In London, classrooms in aging buildings lack air conditioning, with some schools relying on just 50 fans for 60 classrooms. Sheldon School in Chippenham, England, closed early in mid-July after temperatures exceeded 90°F, with principal Pete Lynch describing the situation as “putting kids in a greenhouse for six hours a day.”

Paris has taken a more proactive approach, purchasing 1,200 fans for 620 preschools and elementary schools, though deployment has been slow. As of July 12, only 150 fans had been distributed, according to Mayor Emmanuel Grégoire’s office. Teachers in Paris have relaxed uniform rules and canceled outdoor activities to mitigate the heat, while some parents have brought personal fans to classrooms.

What Measures Are Being Taken to Cool Classrooms?

Both cities have implemented temporary solutions, but systemic challenges persist. In London, the Department for Education has not recommended school closures, stating that “hot weather can usually be managed safely.” However, local authorities and school leaders have made independent decisions. Nearly 10,000 schools in France closed or adjusted schedules during the heat wave, according to Education Minister Édouard Geffray.

Paris has also prioritized outdoor activities during cooler morning hours, with teachers organizing water-based games. In London, some schools have allowed students to remove shoes and wear lighter clothing. However, these measures are seen as stopgaps. “We are bound to face more heat waves,” said Violaine Guéguen, a Paris preschool teacher, who criticized the lack of long-term planning.

How Are Parents and Educators Responding?

Parents are divided over whether to send children to school. Emma Hergest, a London mother, applied sunscreen to her children before school, stating, “It’s unsafe for them to be here.” Conversely, some parents, like Claire Demetriou, who has family in Greece, downplayed the risks, noting, “Kids go to school around the world.”

The debate mirrors tensions seen during the COVID-19 pandemic, with some parents prioritizing safety and others emphasizing educational continuity. Sofia Georgieva, a hairdresser in London, expressed frustration over the lack of official support: “This country is not designed for the heat.”

What Does This Mean for the Future of School Infrastructure?

Climate change is accelerating the need for adaptive measures. Research indicates that high temperatures can reduce student performance and increase absenteeism. Schools in Europe, designed for cooler climates, face a growing mismatch as heat waves become more frequent and intense.

Experts warn that without investment in cooling infrastructure, the problem will worsen. In the U.S., 95% of schools have air conditioning, compared to less than 10% in France and 5% in England, according to the European Environment Agency. As temperatures rise, the pressure on European governments to modernize school facilities is expected to grow.

As the heat wave subsides, the debate over how to balance education and safety will continue. For now, students in London and Paris are navigating a summer of extremes, with teachers and parents relying on improvisation to keep learning alive.