The downside of Comfort Food: Why Spicy and Processed Foods May Worsen Depression

On a depressed day, ‘spicy and stimulating’ foods such as tteokbokki and fries are appealing. This can be somewhat effective, as the spicy taste stimulates pain receptors on the tongue, signaling the brain as ‘hot’ and triggering the release of endorphins and dopamine to alleviate discomfort. Adrenaline is also secreted, promoting sweating and waste removal, creating a feeling of refreshment and stress relief. The frequent trips to the bathroom often experienced after eating spicy foods are simply due to capsaicin not being fully digested. However, excessive consumption of spicy foods can cause abdominal pain and discomfort and may negatively impact mental health.

◆ The More You Eat, The More Depressed you May Feel

Most stimulating foods are ‘ultra-processed foods.’ These are foods containing additives like sweeteners, preservatives, and pigments, undergoing significant processing and alteration. Common examples include tteokbokki, chocolate, sweets, and candy. Frequent consumption of these foods can negatively effect mental health, perhaps contributing to depression. A study published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) in 2024 found that higher intake of ultra-processed foods correlated with a higher risk of anxiety and general mental disorders, a 40-66% increased risk of sleep disorders, and a 22% increased risk of depression.

Research also suggests that increased consumption of these foods may reduce cognitive ability. A team led by Ashley Gearhart at the University of Michigan conducted an eight-week study where participants were given either high-fat, high-sugar snacks or a control snack. Results showed that those consuming the high-fat, high-sugar snacks exhibited increased activity in brain regions producing dopamine, a key neurotransmitter. Researchers concluded that frequent consumption of these foods could lead to increased cravings.