Indonesia’s Military-Linked Disinformation Campaigns Target Activists and Journalists
Amnesty International has revealed a disturbing pattern of coordinated disinformation campaigns in Indonesia, where government critics—particularly activists, journalists, and academics—are being labeled as “foreign agents” to suppress dissent. The report, titled Building Up Imaginary Enemies, highlights how these tactics are being used to silence opposition and justify repression under President Prabowo Subianto’s administration.
Disinformation as a Political Tool
The report found that military-connected social media accounts and political groups are systematically spreading false narratives to discredit critics. These campaigns often precede intimidation, threats, and even physical violence against dissidents. Agnès Callamard, Secretary General of Amnesty International, stated, “This disinformation is a political weapon, deployed to consolidate the government’s power when public criticism intensifies, while demonizing and weakening those who dare to speak out.”
Since Prabowo took office in 2024, online disinformation has become a key tactic to “systematically discredit government critics, shut down public debate, and justify repression,” according to the report. The campaigns are driven by social media accounts linked to military units and Prabowo’s Gerindra party, with tech giants like Meta, TikTok, X, and YouTube failing to curb the spread of harmful content.
Impact on Activists and Journalists
Several activists and journalists have reported being subjected to online slurs and threats after their work drew attention. The report cites cases where disinformation led to real-world consequences, including violence and detention. For example, in El Salvador, human rights defender Ruth López has faced prolonged detention amid similar tactics, though this specific case is referenced in background orientation materials and not directly from the primary sources.
Amnesty International calls on social media platforms to take stronger action against harmful content. “By branding protesters, journalists, and human rights defenders as ‘foreign agents,’ Indonesia’s authorities and their supporters are deliberately shifting attention away from people’s legitimate grievances,” the report emphasizes.
Responses and Ongoing Concerns
Indonesian authorities, including the military, have not publicly responded to the allegations. However, the report underscores growing concerns about the country’s democratic backsliding. Indonesia, the world’s third-largest democracy, has seen increased military involvement in civilian affairs under Prabowo’s leadership.
Amnesty International urges the international community to hold both the Indonesian government and tech companies accountable. “The failure of social media platforms to act is complicit in enabling these abuses,” the report concludes.
As the situation evolves, the role of independent journalism and civil society in challenging disinformation remains critical. The findings serve as a stark reminder of the need for transparency and accountability in safeguarding free expression.