How to Get Rid of Canker Sores: Expert Tips for Relief and Prevention

Canker sores are usually a minor health issue, but that doesn’t mean they aren’t painful. These small white ulcers with red borders typically develop on the tongue, lips, or the inside of the cheeks. When you’re dealing with one, simple tasks like eating, drinking, brushing your teeth, or swallowing can become uncomfortable chores.

While these sores are common, understanding why they happen and how to treat them can significantly reduce your discomfort and help them heal faster.

Canker Sores vs. Cold Sores: What’s the Difference?

It’s easy to confuse the two, but canker sores and cold sores are entirely different conditions. According to the Cleveland Clinic, cold sores are caused by a contagious virus. In contrast, canker sores are not contagious and are not caused by a virus.

Common Causes and Triggers

The cause of a canker sore varies from person to person. Sarah Glass, D.D.S., an assistant professor at Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, notes that these ulcers are often triggered by injury, stress, or nutrient deficiencies.

The Role of Stress

Stress is thought to increase the activity of leukocytes—immune cells linked to inflammation throughout the body, including the mouth—which can trigger a flare-up.

How to Prevent Canker Sores

Prevention focuses on reducing inflammation and avoiding the physical triggers that damage the delicate lining of the mouth.

Mind Your Diet

Nutritional gaps can make you more susceptible to sores. Specifically, a lack of iron, zinc, and B vitamins may play a role. To protect your oral health:

• Eat nutrient-dense foods: Focus on whole grains and produce.
• Prioritize B12: Incorporate B12-rich fish such as tuna, rainbow trout, and salmon.
• Avoid irritants: Limit acidic and spicy foods that can trigger sores.

Leena Palomo, D.D.S., a board-certified periodontist and professor at the NYU College of Dentistry, suggests keeping a log of when sores occur to identify and eliminate your specific food triggers.

Manage Your Stress

Since inflammation is a key driver, finding ways to decompress is essential. Dr. Palomo recommends “chill drills” such as yoga, meditation, exercise, or a hot bath. Even ensuring you get a good night’s sleep can help prevent outbreaks.

Brush Gently

Physical trauma to the mouth is a frequent culprit. A slip of the hand while brushing aggressively can jab the cheek or lip, setting the stage for a sore. Dr. Glass recommends using small circular motions and avoiding aggressive back-and-forth brushing.

How to Get Rid of Canker Sores Fast

While most canker sores resolve on their own, you can use several methods to manage the pain and accelerate the healing process.

Home Rinses and Hydration

To relieve pain and speed up recovery, swish with a solution made of 1/2 cup warm water and 1 teaspoon of baking soda. You may also use over-the-counter (OTC) rinses containing hydrogen peroxide to keep the ulcer clean. Drink plenty of water throughout the day to promote saliva production, which helps thwart bacteria and viruses.

Topical Numbing Agents

For immediate pain relief, use OTC or prescription topical anesthetics containing benzocaine or lidocaine. Depending on where the sore is located, a doctor can help you determine if a paste, gel, or rinse is the most effective delivery method.

Professional Medical Treatments

If you suffer from chronic or severe canker sores, professional intervention may be necessary:

• Corticosteroids: A doctor can prescribe these to dampen the inflammation causing the flare.
• Cauterization: For particularly bad sores, a dentist or doctor can burn the ulcer using a chemical agent or a laser. This process can quickly relieve pain, but it must be performed in-office to protect the surrounding tissue.

When to See a Doctor

While most sores are harmless, some require medical attention. According to the Cleveland Clinic, you should contact a healthcare provider if your canker sore:

• Has not gone away after two weeks.
• Is larger than one centimeter.
• Is accompanied by flu-like symptoms.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are canker sores contagious?

No. Unlike cold sores, canker sores are not caused by a virus and cannot be spread from person to person.

Can a vitamin deficiency cause canker sores?

Yes. Deficiencies in B vitamins, zinc, and iron can make you more prone to developing these ulcers.

What is the fastest way to numb a canker sore?

Topical anesthetics containing lidocaine or benzocaine are the most effective ways to numb the area and provide immediate pain relief.