Ali Larijani: Iran’s Pragmatic Power Broker Amidst Leadership Transition

Following the deaths of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and IRGC commander Mohammad Pakpour in recent U.S.-Israeli air strikes, a shift in Iran’s power dynamics has emerged, with Ali Larijani increasingly taking center stage. Larijani, a veteran politician known for his pragmatic approach, is now a key figure in Tehran’s response to the crisis and the subsequent leadership transition.

A Career of Senior Roles

Ali Larijani, 67, has held numerous high-level positions throughout his career. Most recently, he was appointed Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council (SNSC) in August 2025 [Reuters]. Prior to this, he served in various capacities, demonstrating a long-standing involvement in Iran’s political and security apparatus [Al Jazeera]. He is also a former military officer [WSJ].

From Negotiator to Hardliner

For decades, Larijani was recognized as a relatively calm and pragmatic figure within the Iranian establishment, known for his intellectual pursuits – including writing books on the philosopher Immanuel Kant – and his involvement in nuclear negotiations with Western powers [Al Jazeera]. However, his tone shifted markedly following the recent air strikes.

On March 1, 2026, Larijani delivered a strong condemnation of the U.S. And Israel, stating, “America and the Zionist regime [Israel] have set the heart of the Iranian nation ablaze,” and vowing retaliation: “We will burn their hearts. We will develop the Zionist criminals and the shameless Americans regret their actions.” He further asserted that Iran would deliver “an unforgettable lesson” to international oppressors [Al Jazeera]. He accused U.S. President Donald Trump of being misled by an “Israeli trap” [Al Jazeera].

Role in the Transitional Council

Larijani is now at the center of Iran’s response to what is considered its biggest crisis since the 1979 revolution [Al Jazeera]. He is expected to play a significant role alongside the three-man transitional council currently governing Iran following Khamenei’s death.

Implications for Iran and the Region

With Iran facing internal and external pressures, including public uprisings and regional tensions, the leadership transition is a critical moment. As noted in a recent report by the Council on Foreign Relations, the outcome of this transition remains uncertain [CFR]. Larijani’s emergence as a key figure suggests a potential for a continued pragmatic, yet firm, approach to both domestic and foreign policy.