Belgium Sees Rise in Long-Term Illness and Return-to-Work Programs

Belgium is experiencing a growing trend of individuals facing long-term illnesses, coupled with increased participation in programs designed to facilitate their return to the workforce. While challenges remain, recent data indicates a positive, albeit modest, improvement in the rate at which individuals successfully reintegrate into employment.

Increase in Long-Term Illness, Especially Among Young Adults

A notable increase in long-term sickness, particularly among younger workers, has been observed in Belgium. According to analysis by HLN, a record number of individuals in their twenties, thirties, and early forties are experiencing prolonged periods of illness requiring more than a month of recovery. This trend is prompting concern among experts, who are investigating the underlying causes of this workplace “epidemic.”

VDAB Programs and Return-to-Work Rates

The Flemish employment agency, VDAB, has seen a significant rise in the number of individuals with long-term illnesses enrolling in programs aimed at returning them to work. In 2024, nearly 10,000 people with long-term illnesses participated in VDAB programs. This figure represents an increase compared to previous years, with 6,300 registrations in the first six months of 2025 alone, exceeding the total for all of 2023.

Despite the increased participation, the success rate remains moderate. Approximately 36% of individuals on long-term sick abandon who enter a VDAB program are back at work after two years. While this represents an improvement from 30% three years ago, it still indicates that a significant portion of participants do not find employment through these programs.

Challenges Facing VDAB

The VDAB itself is facing challenges related to employee sick leave. Absenteeism rates among VDAB employees are considerably higher than those of other Flemish government agencies, averaging one in every eight working days. Consultants, who directly support jobseekers, account for the largest share of these absences, many of which are due to long-term illness. This high rate of absenteeism is occurring alongside pressure to reduce costs by 20 million EUR annually through 2029 and to assist a large number of unemployed individuals at risk of losing federal benefits.

Regional Disparities

Participation in VDAB programs varies across regions within Flanders. The numbers from Antwerp and Flemish Brabant are lower than expected based on their population size, while West Flanders and Limburg are more strongly represented.

Looking Ahead

While the increasing number of individuals with long-term illnesses seeking support through the VDAB is a positive sign, significant challenges remain in improving return-to-work rates. Addressing the high absenteeism rates within the VDAB itself and ensuring adequate staffing levels will be crucial to effectively supporting those seeking employment. Further investigation into the causes of rising long-term sickness, particularly among younger adults, is also warranted.