PFAS Exposure Linked to Weaker Bones in Teens, Study Finds
Latest research published in the Journal of the Endocrine Society suggests that exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) during early life could influence how children’s bones develop during adolescence. This raises concerns about potential long-term health consequences, particularly regarding fracture risk, and osteoporosis.
What are PFAS?
PFAS are man-made chemicals commonly found in water, food, and a wide range of everyday products. Often referred to as “forever chemicals,” many of these substances do not break down easily and can build up in the environment and inside the human body. Scientists are concerned that this persistence may interfere with normal development, including the formation of healthy bones.
The Study: Tracking PFAS Levels and Bone Density
Researchers analyzed blood samples from 218 adolescents who were part of a long-term pregnancy and birth cohort. PFAS levels were measured at multiple stages, including at delivery and at ages 3, 8, and 12 years old. Bone density was then assessed when participants reached age 12. The study was a collaborative effort involving researchers from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Brown University, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, the University of Pennsylvania, Simon Fraser University, and The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health.
Key Findings
The study found that teens with higher levels of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in their blood had lower bone density in the forearm. For other PFAS compounds, the relationship with bone density varied depending on when exposure occurred. This suggests that certain stages of development may be more sensitive to these chemicals than others. Notably, the connection between PFAS levels and lower bone density was similarly stronger in females than in males.
“Adolescence is a key period for building strong bones, and achieving optimal bone mass during this time can reduce lifelong risks of fractures and osteoporosis,” said Jessie P. Buckley, Ph.D., M.P.H., of the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health in Chapel Hill, N.C. “Our findings suggest reducing PFAS exposure during key developmental windows could support healthier bones throughout life.”
Why This Matters
These findings add to a growing body of evidence linking PFAS exposure during early life to long-term health consequences. Research has documented health impacts including liver damage, cancer risks, reduced response to vaccines, increased risks of obesity, preeclampsia, anxiety and depression. Reducing contamination in drinking water and consumer products is crucial.
Looking Ahead
Further research is needed to fully understand the complex relationship between PFAS exposure and bone development. However, this study underscores the importance of minimizing exposure to these chemicals, especially during critical developmental periods. The HOME Study, a longitudinal cohort running at Cincinnati Children’s since 2001, continues to provide valuable insights into the long-term health effects of environmental exposures. Ongoing research aims to identify specific windows of vulnerability and inform public health strategies to protect children’s bone health.