Argentine Pineapple Production Gains Momentum with Innovative Techniques
Pineapple cultivation in Argentina, particularly in the northwest region of Misiones, is experiencing a resurgence thanks to the adoption of new technologies and support from the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA). These advancements are leading to more uniform yields, improved fruit quality, and increased potential for import substitution.
Plastic Mulching: A Key Innovation
A significant change in recent years has been the incorporation of plastic mulching, a practice implemented over the past three seasons. This technique offers several benefits, including effective weed control, soil protection, reduced nutrient loss, and improved moisture retention. According to Rodrigo Kramer, an INTA technician in Comandante Andresito, the mulching system creates optimal conditions for growth.
The process involves forming ridges using Taipero plowing, initial fertilization, and the application of dolomite before laying the plastic mulch. This method results in earlier maturity, a greater number of leaves, and increased uniformity in the plants. It has been observed to lower the incidence of foliar diseases.
Improving Fruit Quality and Commercial Positioning
Beyond the agronomic benefits, plastic mulching contributes to more even ripening and higher-quality fruit with increased sweetness. This improved quality enhances the commercial appeal of Argentine pineapples.
Historical Context and Regional Importance
Pineapple cultivation in Misiones dates back to the 1970s, initially concentrated in Jardín América and later expanding to Colonia Aurora on the Uruguay River . Despite its regional identity, Argentina’s domestic pineapple market relies heavily on imports from Brazil, and Ecuador. Local production is increasingly viewed as a valuable alternative within regional economies.
Seedling Quality: A Critical Factor
Whereas advancements in cultivation techniques are promising, maintaining seedling quality remains crucial. Luis Acuña from INTA Montecarlo emphasizes the importance of discarding seedlings exhibiting brown spots, which indicate fusariosis.
Cultivation Practices and Future Research
Planting time varies depending on frost risk, but can occur between March and April in safer areas. Proper soil preparation, mulching, and fertilization enable plants to develop approximately 30 leaves before flowering is induced with ethylene. Harvest typically occurs six months after flowering.
Recent INTA trials have similarly shown positive results with the use of trichoderma, granular fertilizers, and nanofertilizers. However, technicians note a gap between recommended practices and actual field management, particularly regarding the selection of planting material.
Growth Potential and Import Substitution
With increasing producer adoption of new technologies and continued technical support from INTA, Argentine pineapple production is poised for growth. This expansion offers the potential to reduce reliance on imports and strengthen the regional economy.