Russia Investigates Telegram Founder Pavel Durov on Terrorism Charges

Russia has launched a criminal investigation into Telegram founder Pavel Durov, alleging he is abetting terrorist activities, escalating tensions between the Kremlin and the widely used messaging app. The investigation, based on materials from Russia’s Federal Security Service (FSB), accuses Telegram of being compromised by Western and Ukrainian intelligence agencies [1].

Kremlin’s Crackdown and “Sovereign Internet”

Moscow announced earlier this month it would slow down Telegram’s traffic, citing multiple violations, as it attempts to steer Russian users toward a state-controlled alternative called MAX. This strategy is part of a broader Kremlin push to establish a “sovereign internet,” an online space tightly controlled by the state.

Kremlin Spokesperson’s Statement

Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov stated that authorities have identified materials on Telegram that “potentially pose a threat” to Russia. He added that a “large number of violations and the unwillingness of Telegram’s administration to cooperate with our authorities have been recorded,” and that Russian authorities are taking “appropriate” measures [1].

Allegations Against Telegram

Rossiyskaya Gazeta, quoting officials, claims Telegram has been used in 13 alleged Ukrainian plots targeting senior Russian military officers, as well as in tens of thousands of bombings, arson attacks, and killings since the start of the war.

Telegram’s Continued Operation and Potential Compliance

Despite the pressure, Moscow has not blocked Telegram outright due to its widespread use among civilians and officials, and its importance as a communication tool on the frontline. Russian officials have indicated a willingness to allow Telegram to continue operating if it complies with Russian law, a condition human rights campaigners say would require granting access to private chats and purging opposition channels.

Pavel Durov’s Background and Relationship with Russia

Pavel Durov, 42, has a complex history with the Kremlin. He left Russia in 2014 after selling VK, a social networking site often described as the Russian version of Facebook, following pressure from the authorities. He subsequently established Telegram in Dubai, where he currently resides and holds citizenship in the United Arab Emirates and France [1].

Previous Attempts to Block Telegram and Recent Scrutiny

Russian authorities previously attempted to block Telegram in 2018 but failed. More recently, Durov was detained in France for three days in August 2023 during an investigation into crimes linked to Telegram, including the circulation of child sexual abuse material, drug trafficking, and fraudulent transactions.

Durov’s Criticism and Broader Internet Restrictions

Durov has not yet commented on the current investigation. Earlier this month, he publicly criticized measures taken by Moscow, comparing them to similar actions by Iran to curb the platform. Russia has too blocked WhatsApp, Facebook, and YouTube, leading to a surge in VPN downloads among Russian users.

Durov’s Financial Standing

As of July 19, 2025, Forbes ranked Durov as the 118th richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of $17.1 billion, largely driven by his ownership of Telegram [1]. He was also recognized as the richest expat in the United Arab Emirates in 2022 and the most powerful entrepreneur in Dubai in February 2023 [1].