Venezuela After Maduro: A New Order and European Divisions

The capture of Nicolás Maduro by U.S. Forces in early February 2026 has triggered a complex geopolitical shift, leaving European leaders grappling with a new reality in Venezuela. While the U.S. Has moved to assert control over Venezuela’s oil industry, European nations are divided on how to respond, balancing support for a democratic transition with concerns over international law and the precedent set by the U.S. Intervention.

The US Intervention and Maduro’s Capture

On Saturday, February 1, 2026, U.S. President Donald Trump announced the capture of Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro and his wife, Cilia Flores, following a “large-scale strike” on Venezuela. U.S. Attorney General Pam Bondi stated that Maduro and Flores would “soon face the full wrath of American justice” on criminal charges in the Southern District of New York, alleging they were “two alleged international narco traffickers.” [Politico.eu]

European Reactions: A Divided Response

The European Union’s response has been nuanced. EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas emphasized the need to respect international law and the UN Charter, calling for restraint while acknowledging that the EU had not recognized Maduro as the legitimate leader of Venezuela since the disputed elections in June 2024. [Politico.eu] This position reflects a broader tension within Europe: a desire for a democratic resolution in Venezuela, coupled with unease over the unilateral action taken by the United States.

Some European leaders have expressed more overt support for Maduro’s removal. European Parliament President Roberta Metsola cheered the removal of Maduro, stating that the people of Venezuela deserve to live free after years of oppression. [Politico.eu]

However, broader concerns exist regarding the implications of the U.S. Intervention. As reported in January 2026, European leaders appeared “torn in face of new world order” following the ousting of Maduro, struggling to reconcile backing the removal of an authoritarian leader with upholding international law. [The Guardian]

The Role of María Corina Machado

The situation is further complicated by the U.S. Rejection of María Corina Machado, a Nobel prize-winning Venezuelan opposition figurehead. While European leaders have embraced Machado as a key figure in the opposition deserving of power, President Trump has stated she lacks support within Venezuela. [The Guardian]

Implications for the Region and Beyond

The U.S. Ousting of Maduro has sent shockwaves beyond Venezuela, creating new uncertainties for the Caribbean region. Experts warn of potential regional instability with consequences for European interests and partners. [ISS Europa] The Institute for Security Studies (ISS) notes that Washington’s actions pose challenges and opportunities for Russia, China, and countries in Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East. [ISS Europa]

Legal Ramifications

International lawyers suggest the U.S. Rejection of Maduro’s legitimacy could allow Washington to argue he does not enjoy sovereign immunity as a head of state in U.S. Courts, mirroring the case of Manuel Noriega. [The Guardian]

Looking Ahead

As Venezuela begins implementing reforms under a new, U.S.-backed interim government, Europe faces a critical juncture. The EU must navigate the complexities of supporting a democratic transition while upholding international law and safeguarding its interests in the region. The coming months will be crucial in determining the long-term stability of Venezuela and the broader implications for the international order.