Vietnam’s Cultural Diplomacy: A Strategic Shift Towards Cooperation
Vietnam is undergoing a significant evolution in its cultural diplomacy, moving beyond simple exchange programs to focus on substantive cooperation. This shift, recognized by Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh in December 2025, aligns with the nation’s broader strategy for international integration and sustainable development. The country views culture as a cornerstone of its foreign policy, alongside political and economic initiatives.
The Doi Moi Reforms and the Rise of Cultural Diplomacy
Since the launch of the Doi Moi (renewal) policy in 1986, Vietnam has increasingly prioritized cultural diplomacy as a key pillar of its overall diplomatic strategy 1. Initially focused on breaking isolation and restoring international relations following years of central planning and self-imposed restrictions 2, the approach has matured into a proactive effort to enhance Vietnam’s global standing and foster mutually beneficial partnerships.
From Exchange to Cooperation: A New Paradigm
The traditional model of cultural exchange – art performances, culinary events, and exhibitions – remains important. However, Vietnam is now emphasizing programs that generate tangible economic and political benefits. Initiatives like “Vietnam Week/Day Abroad” and “Vietnam Day,” launched in 2021, are designed to attract investment, boost tourism, strengthen local brands, and build cultural economic value chains.
International Recognition and Initiatives
Vietnam’s commitment to cultural diplomacy has garnered international recognition. Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism Nguyen Van Hung presented Vietnam’s initiative for an “International Decade of Culture for Sustainable Development” at the World Conference on Cultural Policy and Sustainable Development (MONDIACULT 2025) in Barcelona, Spain, and the initiative was subsequently adopted by the UNESCO General Assembly 3. This demonstrates a broad international consensus on the importance of cultural cooperation for achieving global peace and prosperity.
Resolution 59 and the Integration of Culture
A pivotal moment in this evolution was the passing of Politburo Resolution No. 59-NQ/TW on January 24, 2025, concerning “International Integration in the New Situation.” This resolution formally integrated international cultural integration into Vietnam’s national development strategy, linking it closely with political, economic, social, and diplomatic security. The resolution prioritizes the development of skilled cultural professionals and the protection of creative rights.
The Role of Culture in Vietnam’s Future
Looking ahead, Vietnam recognizes the crucial role of culture, sports, and tourism in its continued development. The government emphasizes three guiding principles: culture as a spiritual foundation, sport as a symbol of national strength, and tourism as a bridge between people and cultures. As President Ho Chi Minh stated, “Culture must lead the way for the nation.”
Tourism Growth and Economic Impact
Vietnam’s tourism sector is experiencing significant growth, with projections from the United Nations Tourism Organization indicating the most impressive growth globally in 2025, exceeding 20 million international visitors and 130 million domestic visitors 3.
A Strategic Necessity
Vietnam’s leaders view cultural diplomacy not merely as an option, but as a strategic necessity and a historic mission. The goal is to project a peaceful, friendly, dynamic, and creative national image, contributing to regional and global development. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is adapting to this new era, seamlessly integrating culture into its diplomatic activities, ensuring that every foreign policy initiative embodies cultural content and promotes Vietnam’s soft power.