WHO Pandemic Agreement: Pathogen Sharing Talks Progress Towards May Deadline

Member states of the World Health Organization (WHO) have concluded a weeklong round of negotiations concerning the draft annex for Pathogen Access and Benefit Sharing (PABS) – a crucial component of the WHO Pandemic Agreement. The fifth meeting of the Intergovernmental Working Group on the WHO Pandemic Agreement (IGWG), established by the World Health Assembly (WHA) last year, concluded over the weekend of February 9–14, 2026, after what participants described as productive discussions.

The Importance of Pathogen Sharing

Rapid detection and sharing of pathogen genetic sequence information and materials are essential for a swift and effective response to future pandemics. This timely action accelerates the development of critical tools, including diagnostic tests, treatments, and vaccines. The PABS system aims to promote equitable access to these resources based on public health need, ensuring fair and timely sharing of both pathogen materials and the benefits derived from them.

Progress and Remaining Challenges

Ambassador Tovar da Silva Nunes of Brazil, a co-chair of the IGWG Bureau, stated, “Countries this week have again shown their steadfast commitment to getting the Pathogen Access and Benefit Sharing annex done.” He added that a clear vision for streamlining the text has emerged, with contentious elements receiving the necessary consultation.

Mr. Matthew Harpur of the United Kingdom, the other IGWG Bureau co-chair, acknowledged that important differences remain despite a shared understanding of the stakes. He emphasized that the coming weeks will be critical in bridging these gaps and delivering a PABS annex that is fair, effective, and fit for purpose.

The WHO Pandemic Agreement: A Recap

The WHO Pandemic Agreement, adopted by member states in 2025, seeks to address global weaknesses exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic and strengthen international coordination and collaboration in pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. It is a legally binding international instrument designed to enhance global safety and equity in the face of future pandemics. World Health Organization

Commitment to Multilateralism

WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus highlighted the importance of building on the momentum of the Pandemic Agreement’s adoption. He stated, “Strong multilateralism remains essential as countries have to face future pandemics together, collectively.” He expressed confidence that member states will reach an agreement on the PABS annex in time for presentation to the WHA in May 2026.

Stakeholder Engagement

Alongside the negotiations on the annex text and dialogues aimed at building consensus, member states also engaged with relevant stakeholders, including representatives from the private sector, academia, laboratories, and sequence information databases. CEPI

Key Takeaways

• Negotiations on the PABS annex of the WHO Pandemic Agreement are progressing towards a May 2026 deadline.
• The PABS system aims to ensure equitable access to pathogen materials and benefits derived from them.
• Member states recognize the importance of international collaboration and multilateralism in pandemic preparedness and response.
• Continued dialogue and compromise are needed to address remaining differences and finalize the annex.