Mpox in Porto Alegre: Carnival Precautions

Health officials in Porto Alegre, Brazil, have confirmed a case of mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) in 2026, prompting a reminder to residents and Carnival revelers to capture preventative measures. The case was contracted outside of Porto Alegre, according to the city’s Epidemiological Surveillance.

Understanding Mpox

Mpox is a viral disease caused by the mpox virus (MPXV), which belongs to the same family as the smallpox virus. It was first discovered in 1958 in Denmark during research on monkeys imported from Africa.

How Mpox Spreads

Transmission of mpox can occur through:

• Direct contact with an infected person, including pus or blood from skin lesions.
• Contact with materials contaminated with the virus.
• Contact with infected wild animals (rodents).

The virus is also spread through saliva, due to mouth sores. Transmission through respiratory droplets requires close and prolonged exposure, putting family members, intimate partners, and healthcare professionals at higher risk.

Recognizing Mpox Symptoms

Key symptoms of mpox include:

• Fever
• Headache
• Muscle pain
• Weakness
• Swollen glands (lymph nodes)
• Skin lesions and rashes

If you suspect you have mpox, seek medical attention immediately, wear a mask, and keep any lesions covered. The incubation period ranges from three to 21 days, with an average of 10 to 16 days.

Carnival Precautions

Given the confirmed case, Porto Alegre’s Epidemiological Surveillance is urging Carnival participants to take the following precautions:

• Avoid Close Contact: Prolonged intimate or physical contact with individuals exhibiting suspicious skin lesions.
• Hand Hygiene: Frequent hand sanitization with 70% alcohol gel, especially after touching public surfaces, using public transportation, or interacting with others.
• Avoid Sharing: Do not share glasses, cutlery, bottles, cigarettes, clothing, or towels.
• Masks in Crowds: Consider wearing a mask in exceptionally crowded areas, particularly if the virus is actively circulating.

Individuals experiencing symptoms should refrain from attending Carnival events and avoid intimate or sexual contact.

Previous Cases in Porto Alegre

In 2025, Porto Alegre recorded 11 confirmed cases of mpox.