Rising Colorectal Cancer Rates in Younger Adults Prompt Calls for Lower Screening Age

A concerning trend of increasing colorectal cancer diagnoses among younger individuals is prompting renewed calls for a lower screening age in Canada. Recent research suggests that expanding screening to those aged 45 could significantly reduce both the incidence and mortality rates of this preventable cancer.

The Growing Incidence in Younger Adults

Colorectal cancer is the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women in Canada. Although historically a disease primarily affecting those over 50, cases are rising in younger populations. Approximately 1 in 17 Canadian men and 1 in 19 Canadian women are estimated to develop colorectal cancer in their lifetime, with roughly 1 in 40 men and 1 in 42 women ultimately dying from it. Canadian Cancer Society

Experts are still investigating the reasons behind this shift. Otto Sanchez, a professor specializing in cancer biology at Ontario Tech University, notes a growing concern among students about cancers traditionally seen in older adults, such as breast and colorectal cancer. Canadian Cancer Society

The Potential Impact of Lowering the Screening Age

A study published in The Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology indicates that lowering the screening age from 50 to 45 could prevent over 15,000 cases and 6,100 deaths in Canada between 2025 and 2071. Colorectal Cancer Canada

Brandon Purcell, advocacy manager of Prevention and Early Detection at the Canadian Cancer Society (CCS), emphasizes the benefits of early detection: “Opening the screening process up to folks in that age range means that they’ll be able to find these cancers earlier and they’ll be able to treat them and their likelihood of survival will increase.” Colorectal Cancer Canada

Understanding Carcinogens and Preventative Measures

Sanchez suggests that increased exposure to carcinogens – substances that damage cellular DNA and cause mutations – may be a contributing factor. While smoking rates are declining in Canada (currently at 7%), the rise in cancer cases hasn’t followed suit, prompting investigation into environmental factors, lifestyle habits and food quality. Colorectal Cancer Canada

Approximately 45% of colorectal cancers are preventable through lifestyle modifications. These include adopting a healthy diet, avoiding smoking, limiting alcohol consumption, and maintaining regular exercise. Colorectal Cancer Canada

Colorectal Cancer Screening Options

Colorectal cancer screening can be conveniently performed at home using the fecal immunochemical test (FIT). A screening package is mailed to individuals, who collect a sample and send it to a lab for analysis. Colorectal Cancer Canada

The goal is to achieve 60% participation in screenings among eligible Canadians, a target that no province has yet met. While no province has currently committed to lowering the screening age, discussions are underway. Purcell expresses optimism that changes are on the horizon. Colorectal Cancer Canada

Resources and Further Information

• Colorectal Cancer Canada
• Canadian Cancer Society – Colorectal Cancer
• Canadian Association of Gastroenterology