Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common digestive disorder that affects millions worldwide. While dietary triggers can play a significant role in IBS symptoms, not everyone responds to the same dietary changes.

A new study suggests that genetic variations in carbohydrate-active enzymes (hCAZymes) may hold the key to personalized dietary treatment for IBS.

Genetic Variations and Dietary Response

The DOMINO study, led by Mauro D’Amato, PhD, from CIC bioGUNE and LUM University in Italy, investigated the link between hCAZyme gene variations and the effectiveness of a carbohydrate-reduced diet for IBS patients.

Researchers analyzed the genomes of 196 IBS patients who tried a low-carb diet and 54 who took medication. They identified 60 missense hCAZyme variants, including 49 rare and 11 common variants.

The study found that individuals with certain hCAZyme variations were six times more likely to experience symptom relief from a carbohydrate-reduced diet compared to those without these variations. This finding highlights the potential of genetic testing to personalize dietary recommendations for IBS management.

SI Hypomorphic Variants and Low-Carb Diets

The team focused on variations in the SI gene, which encodes an enzyme involved in carbohydrate digestion. They found that hypomorphic variants, particularly the Val15Phe variant, were more common in those who responded well to the low-carb diet.

While these findings are promising, further research is needed to confirm the specific hCAZyme variants that predict dietary response and to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved.

Personalized IBS Treatment Strategies

“These data needs to be further validated by future studies,” said Maura Corsetti, MD, PhD, from Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham. “If confirmed, this approach opens the way to personalized dietary and treatment strategies.”

The potential for personalized dietary interventions based on genetic testing offers a promising avenue for improving IBS management. By identifying individuals who are likely to benefit from a low-carb diet, healthcare providers can tailor treatment plans and improve symptom control.

Want to learn more about personalized nutrition and how it can impact your digestive health? Consult with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian to explore personalized dietary strategies for managing IBS and other digestive conditions.