Smog Alert: Milan Faces Elevated PM10 Levels

Milan, Italy, is currently experiencing elevated levels of particulate matter (PM10), exceeding the warning threshold of 50 µg/m³ at multiple monitoring stations across the city. As of March 11, 2026, readings from ARPA Lombardia indicate 70 µg/m³ in Viale Marche, 61 µg/m³ in Città Studi, and 53 µg/m³ in Verziere. Data from the Via Senato monitoring station is currently unavailable. In the wider metropolitan area, Pioltello recorded levels of 61 µg/m³.

What is PM10 and Why Does it Matter?

PM10 refers to atmospheric particulate matter with a diameter of 10 micrometers (µm) or less – approximately 1/5 to 1/7 the width of a human hair. These particles can penetrate the throat and trachea, impacting the respiratory system. According to the Istituto Superiore di Sanità, PM10 is often referred to as the “thoracic fraction” due to its ability to reach these areas of the respiratory system. ARPA Lombardia provides further information on PM10 distribution in the Lombardy region.

PM10 remains suspended in the air for extended periods and can travel long distances. Weather conditions like wind and rain can help reduce concentrations by diluting and settling the particles. However, exposure to PM10 is linked to various health problems, including respiratory issues. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies air pollution, including airborne particulate matter, as a Group 1 carcinogen – meaning it is known to cause cancer in humans.

Anti-Pollution Measures in Effect

In response to the elevated PM10 levels, temporary first-level anti-pollution measures are currently active in the provinces of Lodi and Cremona. These measures, based on a resolution from the Lombardy Region Council (n. 5613 of January 12, 2026), include:

• A ban on heating systems fueled by woody biomass up to and including 3 stars.
• Restrictions on the spreading of livestock slurry (except for injection and immediate burial).
• A reduction of 1°C in maximum home temperatures.
• A ban on open-air combustion (with exceptions for religious events and traditional anniversaries).

in municipalities with over 30,000 inhabitants (and those that have voluntarily joined the program), restrictions are in place on vehicle circulation. Specifically, petrol vehicles up to Euro 1 standard and diesel vehicles up to Euro 4 standard are prohibited, even if equipped with a particulate filter (DPF) or utilizing the Move-In service. These restrictions are in addition to any existing permanent circulation limitations.

Monitoring will continue to determine when these measures can be lifted. Current PM10 levels in Milan are 68 µg/m³, categorized as Moderate, according to AQI Air Quality Index. This level is 1.5 times above the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline of 45 µg/m³.

Sources of Particulate Matter

Common sources of PM10 include:

• Wind-blown dust
• Construction sites
• Industrial processes
• Waste burning
• Landfills
• Vehicle exhaust