Deadly Fungal Outbreak at Michigan Paper Mill Highlights Rare Illness
A recent outbreak of blastomycosis at a Michigan paper mill has raised awareness about this rare but potentially fatal fungal infection. In February 2023, a staggering 162 workers fell ill at the Billerud Paper mill in Escanaba, marking the largest documented blastomycosis outbreak in U.S. history.
What is Blastomycosis?
Blastomycosis is a fungal infection caused by inhaling microscopic spores of the fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis. These spores are typically found in soil, decaying wood, and moist environments like forests and near water. While most individuals exposed to the fungus don’t become sick, roughly half develop an infection, and it can be deadly in up to 22 percent of cases.
The Outbreak at Billerud Paper Mill
The outbreak at the Billerud Paper mill led to 18 workers requiring hospitalization due to lung scarring and breathing difficulties. Sadly, one worker lost their life to the infection. Health authorities were called in, and investigations revealed that all affected individuals had worked at or visited the mill before becoming ill.
A Billerud paper mill in Escabana, Michigan (pictured) has reopened after closing for three weeks because it found itself at the center of a deadly blastomycosis outbreak
Although the exact source of the outbreak remains unknown, the mill is located in a wooded area, which is a typical habitat for the fungus. To prevent further spread, the mill voluntarily closed for three weeks in April 2023 to upgrade air filters and clean ventilation systems. Health authorities conducted information sessions for workers and provided training on safety measures, including mask usage.
Symptoms of Blastomycosis
Symptoms of blastomycosis can vary but often include:
- Fever
- Cough
- Shortness of breath
- Night sweats
- Muscle aches
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
- Skin lesions (blisters or ulcers)
If you experience any of these symptoms, especially if you’ve been exposed to moist soil or decaying wood, consult a healthcare professional immediately.
Ian Pritchard, a 29-year-old chef in Michigan, died last year of blastomycosis after the disease made his lungs look like ‘Swiss cheese.’ It’s unclear if he had any connection to the Billerud paper mill
Tragic Loss of a Michigan Chef to Blastomycosis
The deadly nature of blastomycosis was tragically highlighted by the death of 29-year-old Ian Pritchard, a chef from Michigan, in 2022. He battled the infection for months before succumbing to its effects, leaving behind a grieving family. Mr. Pritchard’s lungs suffered severe damage, resembling ‘Swiss cheese’ according to his father. While it’s unknown if he was connected to the paper mill outbreak, his story serves as a stark reminder of the potentially fatal consequences of this rare fungal disease.
The above map shows states where blastomycosis cases have been confirmed (red), recently confirmed (orange) or are suspected to occur (blue)
Health authorities continue to monitor for any further cases of blastomycosis, emphasizing the importance of taking preventive measures, particularly in areas with a higher risk of exposure.
Learn More about Blastomycosis