Passion Fruit Compound Shows Promise in Slowing Alzheimer’s Disease
A molecule found in passion fruit, called alpha-amyrin (α-amyrin), is showing potential in slowing the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, according to research from the University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital. The discovery, initially made four years ago, has led to a deeper understanding of how this natural compound may protect the brain.
How Alpha-Amyrin Protects the Brain
Researchers have found that α-amyrin appears to protect central processes in the brain. The study, published in Advanced Science, indicates that α-amyrin modulates the DLK-SARM1-ULK1 cascade to promote ULK1 activation. This is believed to be a key mechanism in protecting the brain. ULK1 plays a vital role in mitochondrial quality control by initiating autophagy, a process that removes damaged mitochondria.
Mitochondrial Function and Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by a buildup of waste products in the brain, damaging nerve cells. Healthy brain function relies on mitochondria, the energy factories within cells. As we age, the brain’s ability to clear waste diminishes, impacting mitochondrial function. α-amyrin appears to protect these mitochondria, ensuring they can continue to produce sufficient energy.
Research Findings in Mice
Studies involving mice with Alzheimer’s disease showed that supplementation with α-amyrin led to a reduction in waste product accumulation and improved performance in memory tests. The compound supported the brain’s natural control systems, aiding in waste removal and preventing inflammation, allowing mitochondria to function normally.
Bioavailability and Brain Penetration
Researchers also investigated whether α-amyrin could effectively reach the brain. Tests on healthy mice demonstrated that the molecule remains in the bloodstream long enough to be effective and is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier.
Dietary Sources of Alpha-Amyrin
While passion fruit is a notable source of α-amyrin, it is also found in other colorful fruits and vegetables, including tomatoes and cranberries. Previous research suggests that a diet rich in these foods is beneficial for brain health, and this finding may explain why. University of Oslo researchers note increasing evidence that dietary choices can influence long-term brain health.
Future Research and Commercialization
The University of Oslo has licensed the commercial development of α-amyrin to HK LONGEVITY SCIENCE LABORATORY, a Hong Kong-based company, through its Technology Transfer Office (TTO) Inven2 AS. Researchers are planning further investigations, including clinical trials to assess bioavailability, safety, and efficacy against dementia, pending funding and resources. Epidemiological data also suggests a correlation between high consumption of colorful fruits and vegetables and a reduced risk of dementia.
International Collaboration
This research was a collaborative effort involving researchers from the University of Oslo, University of Fribourg (Switzerland), Chulalongkorn University (Thailand), Spanish National Research Council, Huashan Hospital (Fudan University, China), The University of Oxford (UK), and University of Crete (Greece).