HMPV: What to Know About the Rising Respiratory Virus
As cold and flu season continues, a less common virus is gaining traction across the United States, causing concern among health officials. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is currently surging in several states, including California and New Jersey, leading to increased emergency room visits. Here’s a breakdown of what you require to know about HMPV, its symptoms, spread, and how to protect yourself and your family.
What is HMPV?
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a virus first discovered in 2001 [1]. It belongs to the same family as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) [1]. While not a new virus, cases haven’t spiked to current levels since an outbreak in April 2025 [2].
Who is at Risk?
HMPV can affect people of all ages, but it poses the greatest risk to young children (particularly those up to five years old), older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems [1]. Those with chronic conditions like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are also more vulnerable to complications [2].
Symptoms of HMPV
The symptoms of HMPV are similar to those of a common cold, but can sometimes be more severe. Common symptoms include:
- Cough
- Fever
- Nasal congestion
- Shortness of breath
In some cases, HMPV can lead to more serious complications like bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma attacks, middle ear infections, croup, and bronchiolitis [2], [4].
How Does HMPV Spread?
HMPV spreads in much the same way as other respiratory viruses:
- Through the air via coughing and sneezing
- Through close personal contact, such as touching or shaking hands
- By touching contaminated surfaces and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes
The virus typically circulates in the U.S. From winter through spring [1].
Diagnosis and Treatment
Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine for HMPV [2]. HMPV is not routinely tested for, but testing can help doctors make informed decisions about isolation and further evaluation [4]. Testing is typically done using nasal or throat swabs.
Treatment focuses on supportive care, including:
- Rest
- Drinking plenty of fluids
- Over-the-counter medications to manage fever (acetaminophen or ibuprofen) [1]
- Oxygen therapy in severe cases [2]
Prevention
The CDC recommends taking standard precautions to prevent the spread of HMPV, including:
- Covering your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing, or coughing/sneezing into your elbow
- Washing your hands frequently with soap and water
- Cleaning frequently touched surfaces
Current Situation
As of February 21, 2026, HMPV accounted for just over 5% of weekly reported positive tests for respiratory viruses, up from 3.83% the previous week [2]. Elevated positivity rates have been reported in emergency rooms in New Jersey [3] and high concentrations of the virus have been detected in wastewater in Northern California [2].
While HMPV is not a new threat, its recent surge highlights the importance of staying vigilant about respiratory health and taking steps to protect yourself and others.